by Joel McNamara
Get Where you're Going with a Global Positioning System and Digital Maps!
Companion Web site has link to Free Maps and Resource
 |
| GPS for Dummies |
About the Author
Joel McNamara first got involved with digital maps in the early 1980’s. At the
time he was studying archeology and instead of going out and playing Indiana
Jones, he found himself in front of a computer monitor trying to predict
where archeological sites were located based on LANDSAT satellite data.
The lure of computers ultimately led to his defection from academia to the
software industry, where he worked as a programmer, technical writer, and
manager; eventually ending up at a rather large software company based in
Redmond, Washington. Joel now writes and consults on technology he finds
interesting, such as GPS and digital maps.
Over the years he’s had practical experience using GPS and maps for wildland
firefighting, search and rescue, and disaster response and planning. He’s
also an avid user of the great outdoors (which means there’s way too much
gear in his garage), competes in adventure races and other endurance sports,
and so far has always found his way back home. In his spare time he volunteers
for a federal Disaster Medical Assistance Team.
This is his second book. The first was Secrets of Computer Espionage: Tactics
& Countermeasures (also published by Wiley), a reference guide for computer
security practitioners and anyone interested in stopping sneaky spies.
Author’s Acknowledgments
First off, thanks to my wife, Darcy, for her support during my work on this
book, especially for putting up with all of the maps, CD-ROMs, cables, manuals,
and GPS receivers scattered all over the house during the duration.
Next on the list are the folks at Wiley, including Katie Feltman, my acquisitions
editor and Pat O’Brien, my project editor. And a special note of appreciation
to GPS and map guru Gavin Hoban, who diligently served as my technical editor.
I’d also like to thank the following manufacturers for supplying review copies
of their products to write about: DeLorme (Caleb Mason), Endless Pursuit
(Jack Robson), Lowrance (Steve Wegrzyn and Luke Morris), Magellan (Angela
Linsey-Jackson), Maptech (Martin Fox), Microsoft, National Geographic, and
TopoFusion (Scott Morris). I especially appreciate the help from the folks
named in the parentheses who went above and beyond the call of duty in
answering questions and providing assistance.
Finally, I’d like to express thanks to the following people for giving me feedback
on various parts of the book: Bob Daley, Jan Daley, Cynthia Engel, Jeff
Madden, Doug McNamara, and Judy McNamara.
Introduction
time he was studying archeology and instead of going out and playing Indiana
Jones, he found himself in front of a computer monitor trying to predict
where archeological sites were located based on LANDSAT satellite data.
The lure of computers ultimately led to his defection from academia to the
software industry, where he worked as a programmer, technical writer, and
manager; eventually ending up at a rather large software company based in
Redmond, Washington. Joel now writes and consults on technology he finds
interesting, such as GPS and digital maps.
Over the years he’s had practical experience using GPS and maps for wildland
firefighting, search and rescue, and disaster response and planning. He’s
also an avid user of the great outdoors (which means there’s way too much
gear in his garage), competes in adventure races and other endurance sports,
and so far has always found his way back home. In his spare time he volunteers
for a federal Disaster Medical Assistance Team.
This is his second book. The first was Secrets of Computer Espionage: Tactics
& Countermeasures (also published by Wiley), a reference guide for computer
security practitioners and anyone interested in stopping sneaky spies.
Author’s Acknowledgments
First off, thanks to my wife, Darcy, for her support during my work on this
book, especially for putting up with all of the maps, CD-ROMs, cables, manuals,
and GPS receivers scattered all over the house during the duration.
Next on the list are the folks at Wiley, including Katie Feltman, my acquisitions
editor and Pat O’Brien, my project editor. And a special note of appreciation
to GPS and map guru Gavin Hoban, who diligently served as my technical editor.
I’d also like to thank the following manufacturers for supplying review copies
of their products to write about: DeLorme (Caleb Mason), Endless Pursuit
(Jack Robson), Lowrance (Steve Wegrzyn and Luke Morris), Magellan (Angela
Linsey-Jackson), Maptech (Martin Fox), Microsoft, National Geographic, and
TopoFusion (Scott Morris). I especially appreciate the help from the folks
named in the parentheses who went above and beyond the call of duty in
answering questions and providing assistance.
Finally, I’d like to express thanks to the following people for giving me feedback
on various parts of the book: Bob Daley, Jan Daley, Cynthia Engel, Jeff
Madden, Doug McNamara, and Judy McNamara.
Introduction
As you may have guessed from the title, this book is about GPS (the
satellite-based Global Positioning System) and maps; digital maps to be exact.
I remember back in 1989 when Magellan introduced the first handheld GPS
receiver, the NAV 1000. (Don’t worry. This isn’t going to be one of those
“I used to walk 20 miles to school in the snow when I was your age,” stories.)
The NAV 1000 was the size of a brick, and weighed a little less than two
pounds. It was single channel receiver, could only track four satellites, and
just supported latitude and longitude coordinates. It could save 100 waypoints
and you could have a single route with up to 10 waypoints. It cost $2,500.
Fast forward to the present. Now I can go down to my neighborhood sporting
goods store and buy a GPS receiver smaller than a small cell phone. It weighs
a couple of ounces, can track up to 12 satellites, and on a good day tells me
exactly where I’m located to within about 10 feet; and in several different
coordinate systems by the way. It supports 500 waypoints and 20 routes, with
125 waypoints apiece. Best of all it costs around $100.
Maps have followed the same evolutionary path. Paper maps have turned
digital and now you can visit a Web site and print out a map with driving
directions to just about anywhere for free. For under $100 you can buy mapping
software that has a collection of CD-ROMs with detailed topographic
maps that fully cover any state in the United States. Aerial photographs are
readily available over the Internet, and stunning three-dimensional maps can
be created with a few mouse clicks. Once the exclusive domain of professional
cartographers and GIS (Geographic Information System) specialists,
the average computer user can create and use digital maps with relative ease.
There are a number of free and inexpensive programs that make desktop
mapping a reality for the rest of us.
So, does all this mean we’re entering the dawn of a new era where no matter
where you are it’s going to be hard to get lost? Well, yes and no.
Over the past several years, GPS receivers have become extremely popular
and affordable. Lots of people who venture away from urban areas are carrying
them. Cars come installed with GPS navigation systems for negotiating
city streets and highways. Cell phones are even starting to show up with tiny
GPS receivers embedded inside. And even if you don’t have a GPS receiver
you can always go out on the Web and print a map of where you want to go.
But, there are a few hitches in this perfect, always found world:
GPS receivers tend to boast so many features it’s easy to get lost trying
to figure them all out. Plus, most GPS receiver owners typically only use
a small subset of the available features (and sometimes don’t even know
how to use these features well enough to avoid getting lost).
GPS receivers have capabilities and limitations that many owners
(or potential owners) really don’t understand. This leads to frustration
or not being able to use the devices to their full potential.
While many people have a general knowledge of how to read a map, at
least the simple road variety, most don’t know how to really maximize using a map.
And finally, the average computer user isn’t aware of the wealth of easyto-
use, free or inexpensive mapping resources he or she could be using to stay found.
The purpose of this book is to help you better understand and use GPS
receivers and open your eyes to the world of digital mapping. And hopefully
put you on the path of always staying found or finding what you’re looking for.
Who This Book Is For
If you’re browsing through this book at your favorite bookstore right now,
and are wondering whether this book is for you, ask yourself these questions:
Are you considering purchasing a GPS receiver?
Have you recently purchased a GPS receiver?
Have you owned a GPS receiver for a while, but want to get more out of it?
Are you interested in using digital maps for your profession or hobby?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, then stop reading and immediately
proceed to the cash register, because this book will make your life
easier (if you’re still not convinced, feel free to continue flipping through the pages to see what I mean).
Getting a bit more specific, people in the following groups should find this
book especially useful:
Recreation – Hikers, hunters, fishers, mountain bikers, trail runners,
cross country skiers, snowshoers, snowmobilers, ATV and 4 x 4 drivers,
prospectors, pilots, paddlers, geocachers, and anyone else who ventures
outdoors away from cities and streets (with or without a GPS receiver).
Commercial – Land developers and real estate agents who are interested
in the competitive advantage maps can bring them for planning or marketing purposes.
Government – Emergency response agencies (search and rescue, fire, law
enforcement, disaster relief) and urban planners who use maps as part
of their planning and response activities.
Environmental – Conservation agencies, organizations, consultants and
scientists (biologists, botanists, and other ists) who use maps for
resource management and research.
Technology – Anyone who likes to play with cool technology.
You may have noticed I didn’t mention people like surveyors or GIS professionals.
If your job primarily focuses on GPS and/or maps, you’ll probably
discover a few things in the following pages, but just remember that this
book is for the average computer user and GPS receiver owner who doesn’t
have your level of technical experience, proficiency, and skills. Please don’t
expect to find the nuts and bolts and details of using GIS software or precision surveying electronics.
How This Book Is Organized
This book is conveniently divided into several different parts. The content in
each part tends to be related, but by all means, feel free to skip around and
read about what interests you the most.
Part I: All About Digital Maps
This part of the book introduces you to digital maps; actually it presents
some important universal concepts that apply to both paper and digital maps
such as coordinate systems, datums, and how to read and use maps. The
focus is primarily on land maps but there are a few brief mentions of nautical
and aeronautical charts. In this part you’ll find out about different types of
digital maps that are available, especially the free ones you can get from the
Internet and about some of the software you can use for digital mapping.
Part II: All About GPS
This is the part of the book devoted to demystifying GPS and GPS receivers.
You’ll find out about the technology behind GPS (including its capabilities
and limitations), basic GPS concepts such as waypoints, routes, tracks, and
coordinate systems, how to select and use a GPS receiver, how to use GPS
with PDAs (like Pocket PCs and Palms), and all about the popular GPS sport of geocaching.
Part III: Digital Mapping on Your Computer
In this part we’ll take some of the theoretical information on digital maps
from Part I, and get practical. This section discusses computer requirements
needed for basic digital mapping and reviews a number of different software
packages you can use to work with aerial photos and topographic and road
maps. Many of these programs support uploading and downloading data to
and from GPS receivers, so we’ll also spend some time talking about how to
interface a GPS receiver to a personal computer.
Part IV: Using Web-Hosted Mapping Services
Even if you don’t have a GPS receiver or mapping software installed on your
computer, with an Internet connection and a Web browser you can still do a
remarkable amount of digital mapping with free and subscription Web services.
This section discusses how to access and use online street maps, topographic
maps, aerial photos, and some slick U.S. government-produced maps.
You’ll also discover how to save and edit these Web-based maps.
Part V: The Part of Tens
All Dummies books have a part called The Part of Tens, and this one is no
exception. In this section you’ll find lists of what I consider the best GPS and
digital map Web sites on the Internet, where to find free digital maps, tips and
hints on printing maps, and if you’re a competitive or recreational athlete,
how to use a GPS receiver in your outdoor workouts.
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Product details
Price
|
|
|---|---|
File Size
| 18,119 KB |
Pages
|
409 p |
File Type
|
PDF format |
ISBN
| 0-7645-6933-3 |
Copyright
| 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc |
Contents at a Glance
Introduction
Part I: All About Digital Maps
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Digital Maps
Chapter 2: Dissecting Maps
Part II: All About GPS
Chapter 3: GPS Fundamentals
Chapter 4: Grasping Important GPS Concepts
Chapter 5: Selecting and Getting Started with a GPS Receiver
Chapter 6: Using GPS with a PDA
Chapter 7: Geocaching
Part III: Digital Mapping on Your Computer
Chapter 8: Digital Mapping Hardware Considerations
Chapter 9: Interfacing a GPS Receiver to a Computer
Chapter 10: Using GPS Manufacturer Mapping Software
Chapter 11: Finding Places and Coordinates
Chapter 12: On the Road with DeLorme Street Atlas USA
Chapter 13: On the Ground with Maptech Terrain Navigator
Chapter 14: From the Air with USAPhotoMaps
Chapter 15: Creating and Using Digital Maps with OziExplorer
Chapter 16: Going Three Dimensional with 3DEM
Part IV: Using Web-hosted Mapping Services
Chapter 17: Saving and Editing Street Maps
Chapter 18: Navigating Web Road Maps
Chapter 19: Exploring Web Topographic Maps
Chapter 20: Overhead Image Web Sites
Part V: The Part of Tens
Chapter 21: Ten Great GPS and Map Web Sites
Chapter 22: Ten Map Printing Tips
Chapter 23: Ten Tips for Athletes
Index
Table of Contents
Introduction.........
Who This Book Is For .....
Setting Some GPS Expectations ...........
How This Book Is Organized ..........
Part I: All About Digital Maps ...
Part II: All About GPS ...........
Part III: Digital Mapping on Your Computer ......
Part IV: Using Web-hosted Mapping Services .......
Part V: The Part of Tens ....................
Icons Used in This Book ............
Some Opening Thoughts ..
Part I: All About Digital Maps .......................................9
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Digital Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
What Is a Digital Map? ..................................................................................11
Static map .............................................................................................12
Smart map ............................................................................................12
Mapping Programs ........................................................................................13
Consumer programs ...........................................................................13
GIS (Geographic Information System) ..............................................14
Using Digital Maps ........................................................................................15
Mapping Software: The Essentials ..............................................................15
Standalone programs ..........................................................................16
Programs with bundled maps ............................................................18
Web-hosted mapping services ...........................................................19
Chapter 2: Dissecting Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Discovering the Types of Maps ...................................................................21
Land .......................................................................................................22
Marine ...................................................................................................25
Aeronautical .........................................................................................26
Figuring Out Map Projections ......................................................................27
Map Datums ...................................................................................................27
Working with Map Coordinate Systems .....................................................28
Latitude/longitude ...............................................................................29
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) .............................................32
Township and Range ...........................................................................34
Measuring Map Scales ..................................................................................36
Looking at Map Symbols ..............................................................................38
Digital Map Data ............................................................................................39
TIGER ....................................................................................................39
Digital Line Graph (DLG) ....................................................................40
Elevation data ......................................................................................42
Digital Raster Graphics (DRG) ...........................................................42
Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQ) ............................................44
Satellite data .........................................................................................44
Part II: All About GPS ................................................47
Chapter 3: GPS Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
What Is GPS? ..................................................................................................49
How GPS Works .............................................................................................50
Eyeing satellites ...................................................................................51
GPS radio signals .................................................................................52
Covering ground stations ...................................................................53
GPS receivers .......................................................................................53
How accurate is a GPS receiver? .......................................................56
Information from GPS Receivers .................................................................58
GPS Receiver Features ..................................................................................59
Display and output ..............................................................................59
Alarms ...................................................................................................60
Built-in maps ........................................................................................60
Electronic compass .............................................................................62
Altimeter ...............................................................................................62
Increasing accuracy ............................................................................63
WAAS .....................................................................................................63
Differential GPS ....................................................................................64
Antennas ...............................................................................................64
Internal memory ..................................................................................66
External storage ...................................................................................66
Accessory programs ...........................................................................66
User interface modes ..........................................................................66
Synthesized voice ................................................................................67
The Future of GPS .........................................................................................68
Chapter 4: Grasping Important GPS Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69
Linking GPS, Maps, and Coordinate Systems ............................................69
Understanding GPS and Datums .................................................................72
Setting Waypoints .........................................................................................73
Saving waypoints .................................................................................74
Using the waypoint list .......................................................................75
Following Routes ...........................................................................................77
Making Tracks ...............................................................................................79
Chapter 5: Selecting and Getting Started with a GPS Receiver . . . .83
Selecting a GPS Receiver ..............................................................................84
To map or not to map .........................................................................86
Road warriors ......................................................................................87
Matching GPS receiver features to your activities ..........................88
Becoming Familiar with Your New GPS Receiver ......................................90
Powering Your GPS Receiver .......................................................................91
Battery basics ......................................................................................92
Power to the people ............................................................................94
Initializing Your GPS Receiver .....................................................................95
Changing Receiver Settings .........................................................................98
Using Your GPS Receiver ............................................................................100
Coming home .....................................................................................101
How far, how fast? .............................................................................101
Finding your ancestors .....................................................................102
Simulating navigation .......................................................................102
Chapter 6: Using GPS with a PDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
Choosing between a GPS Receiver and a PDA .........................................105
PDA advantages .................................................................................106
PDA disadvantages ............................................................................106
Interfacing Your PDA to a GPS Receiver ...................................................108
Handheld GPS receivers ...................................................................108
Mouse GPS receivers .........................................................................109
GPS receiver cards ............................................................................110
GPS receiver sleeves .........................................................................111
Bluetooth GPS receivers ...................................................................112
GPS-integrated PDAs .........................................................................113
Reviewing PDA Mapping Software ............................................................113
Chapter 7: Geocaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
Geocaching: The High-Tech Scavenger Hunt ...........................................117
Getting Started Geocaching .......................................................................119
What you need to geocache .............................................................119
Selecting a cache to look for ............................................................122
Finding the cache ..............................................................................125
GeoJargon: Speaking the lingo .........................................................132
Hiding a Cache .............................................................................................133
Selecting a container .........................................................................133
Location is everything ......................................................................134
Stocking the cache ............................................................................136
Submitting the cache ........................................................................137
Maintaining the cache .......................................................................139
Geocaching Etiquette .................................................................................139
Internet Geocaching Resources ................................................................140
Part III: Digital Mapping on Your Computer ...............143
Chapter 8: Digital Mapping Hardware Considerations . . . . . . . . . . .145
Digital Mapping Software Choices ............................................................145
Processing Power ........................................................................................146
Processors ..........................................................................................147
Memory ...............................................................................................147
Storage Capacity .........................................................................................147
Hard drives .........................................................................................148
CD and DVD drives ............................................................................149
Display Equipment ......................................................................................150
Graphics cards ...................................................................................150
Monitors .............................................................................................150
Printers ...............................................................................................150
Communication Capabilities ......................................................................151
Communication ports .......................................................................151
Internet connection ...........................................................................152
Chapter 9: Interfacing a GPS Receiver to a Computer . . . . . . . . . . . .153
About (Inter)Face: Connectivity Rules .....................................................153
Anatomy of a Link: Understanding the Interface Process ......................154
Untangling Cables .......................................................................................155
Understanding Ports and Protocols .........................................................156
COM ports ..........................................................................................157
USB ports ............................................................................................159
Protocols ............................................................................................160
Managing Memory ......................................................................................160
Transferring GPS Data ................................................................................162
Troubleshooting Connection Problems ...................................................165
Uploading Firmware Revisions to Your GPS Receiver ............................166
Chapter 10: Using GPS Manufacturer Mapping Software . . . . . . . .169
Understanding Universal Principles of GPS Map Software ....................170
Three rules of GPS mapping software ............................................170
Common GPS map software features ..............................................171
Getting maps to GPS receivers ........................................................172
Reviewing GPS Manufacturer Software ....................................................173
Magellan MapSend ............................................................................174
Lowrance MapCreate ........................................................................176
Garmin MapSource ............................................................................178
Chapter 11: Finding Places and Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Finding Your Way with Online Gazetteers ................................................181
Using the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) ...........182
Using the GEOnet Name Server (GNS) ............................................186
Converting Coordinates .............................................................................189
Using GeoTrans ..................................................................................189
Using online conversion utilities .....................................................191
Chapter 12: On the Road with DeLorme Street Atlas USA . . . . . . . .193
Discovering Street Atlas USA Features .....................................................194
Navigating Street Atlas USA .......................................................................194
Exploring the Street Atlas USA interface ........................................195
Zooming in and out ...........................................................................196
Moving around in Street Atlas USA .................................................197
Getting POI information ....................................................................198
Finding an Address with Street Atlas USA ...............................................199
Getting from Here to There with Street Atlas USA ..................................201
Creating a route .................................................................................202
Getting directions ..............................................................................202
Printing and saving directions .........................................................203
Moving Maps with Earthmate ....................................................................205
Other Street Navigation Software .............................................................207
Microsoft Streets & Trips .................................................................208
Rand McNally StreetFinder & TripMaker Deluxe ..........................208
Chapter 13: On the Ground with Maptech Terrain Navigator . . . . . .209
Discovering Terrain Navigator ..................................................................210
Displaying Maps and Finding Places ........................................................210
Navigating a Terrain Navigator Map .........................................................213
Moving around in a map ...................................................................214
Changing the map size ......................................................................214
Planning a Trip with Terrain Navigator ....................................................215
Understanding Terrain Elevation ..............................................................217
Using a 3-D map image ......................................................................218
Charting elevation profiles ...............................................................220
Reviewing Other Topographic Map Software ..........................................221
DeLorme mapping products ............................................................221
National Geographic mapping products ........................................223
Chapter 14: From the Air with USAPhotoMaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
Enhancing TerraServer-USA with USAPhotoMaps ..................................227
Discovering USAPhotoMaps Features ......................................................228
Downloading Aerial Photographs ...................................................228
Getting the Most from Aerial Photos ........................................................231
Switching between aerial photos and topographic maps ............231
Moving around the map ...................................................................233
Zooming in and out ...........................................................................234
Enhancing contrast ...........................................................................234
Entering text .......................................................................................235
Creating and Using Multiple Map Files .....................................................236
Saving Aerial Photos ...................................................................................237
Interfacing with a GPS receiver .................................................................238
Reviewing Other Aerial Photo Software ...................................................239
TerraClient ..........................................................................................239
TopoFusion .........................................................................................241
ExpertGPS ...........................................................................................241
QuakeMap ..........................................................................................243
Chapter 15: Creating and Using Digital Maps with OziExplorer . . .245
Discovering OziExplorer Features ............................................................245
Moving from Paper to Digital Maps ..........................................................248
Step 1: Scan the map .........................................................................249
Step 2: Edit the map ..........................................................................250
Step 3: Calibrate the map .................................................................251
Checking your work ..........................................................................257
Chapter 16: Going Three Dimensional with 3DEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259
Comparing 2-D and 3-D Maps ....................................................................259
Discovering 3DEM Capabilities .................................................................260
Using DEM Data to Create a Map ..............................................................260
Creating a 3-D Map ......................................................................................263
Defining the display area ..................................................................263
Creating a 3-D scene ..........................................................................264
Manipulating the 3-D Scene Window ........................................................266
Saving and Printing a 3DEM Scene ............................................................267
Overlaying Digital Raster Graphics Data ..................................................268
Downloading a sample DRG .............................................................268
Loading the DRG as an overlay ........................................................269
Working with overlay maps ..............................................................271
Reviewing Other 3DEM Features ...............................................................272
Other 3-D Mapping Software ......................................................................272
Global Mapper ...................................................................................272
MICRODEM .........................................................................................274
Bundled map programs ....................................................................274
Part IV: Using Web-hosted Mapping Services .............275
Chapter 17: Saving and Editing Street Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277
Saving Maps .................................................................................................278
Save Picture As ..................................................................................278
Using the Print Screen key ...............................................................279
Using screen capture programs .......................................................279
Editing a Map ...............................................................................................281
Opening a file .....................................................................................281
Cropping .............................................................................................281
Using colors and fonts ......................................................................282
Adding symbols .................................................................................283
Selecting the right file format ..........................................................286
Chapter 18: Navigating Web Road Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289
Using Street Map Web Sites .......................................................................289
Listing common street map Web site features ..............................290
Web versus PC software street maps ..............................................290
Reviewing Street Map Web Sites ...............................................................293
MapQuest ...........................................................................................295
Rand McNally .....................................................................................296
Maporama ..........................................................................................298
Chapter 19: Exploring Web Topographic Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Using Web-hosted Topographic Maps ......................................................301
Advantages of topographic Web sites ............................................301
Disadvantages of topographic Web sites .......................................302
Deciding between Web-based maps and mapping programs ......302
Reviewing Topographic Map Web Sites ...................................................303
Using Maptech MapServer ...............................................................303
Using GPS Visualizer .........................................................................308
TerraSever-USA ..................................................................................310
Commercial topographic Web map sites .......................................311
Chapter 20: Overhead Image Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Using Web Aerial and Satellite Images .....................................................315
Reviewing Aerial and Satellite Image Web Sites ......................................317
TerraServer-USA ................................................................................318
TerraServer.com ................................................................................323
GlobeXplorer ......................................................................................326
Part V: The Part of Tens ............................................331
Chapter 21: Ten Great GPS and Map Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333
Comprehensive GPS Information ..............................................................333
Current GPS News and Helpful Advice .....................................................334
Technical GPS Information .........................................................................334
Free Maps .....................................................................................................334
Expert Desktop Mapping Guidance ..........................................................335
Definitive Terrain Modeling Information ..................................................336
Chapter 22: Ten Map Printing Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337
Make Your Paper Count ..............................................................................337
Print in Color ...............................................................................................338
Print the Scale ..............................................................................................338
Print UTM Grids ..........................................................................................338
Use Waterproof Paper .................................................................................338
Waterproof Your Plain Paper .....................................................................339
Print More Map Area ...................................................................................340
Put North at the Top ...................................................................................340
Use the Best Page Orientation ...................................................................340
Beware of False Economy ..........................................................................341
Chapter 23: Ten Tips for Athletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
General GPS Tips for Athletes ...................................................................343
Using a GPS receiver for training .....................................................343
GPS receiver limitations for training ...............................................345
How to carry your GPS receiver on foot ........................................346
GPS Products for Athletes ..........................................................................348
Endless Pursuit ..................................................................................348
Timex Speed + Distance/Bodylink ...................................................350
Garmin Forerunner 201 .....................................................................351
GPS Tips for Specific Sports ......................................................................352
GPS for cyclists ..................................................................................352
GPS for golfers ...................................................................................353
GPS for paddlers and rowers ...........................................................354
GPS for race directors .......................................................................355
Index........................................................................357
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